Vitamin B12 & Folate

Vitamin B12 and vitamin B9 (folate) are essential nutrients that are necessary for producing and maintaining red and white blood cells, supporting the nervous system, and helping to create DNA, the basis of all cells.

Vitamin B12 and folate must be supplied by the diet or through supplementation because the body is not able to produce them. Vitamin B12 and folate deficiency (low levels of vitamin B12 or vitamin B9) may be due to limited dietary intake, poor absorption, advanced age, certain medical conditions, or some medications. Low levels of vitamin B12 and folate can lead to anemia, nervous system conditions, high levels of homocysteine, and a variety of health issues. This test can help determine whether you have a vitamin B12 or folate deficiency.

Vitamin B12, also known as cobalamin, is absorbed in the small intestine and then makes its way to the blood and cells. The body also stores vitamin B12 in the liver for future use. Vitamin B12 is essential in supporting the nervous system, making red blood cells, and creating DNA (the genetic material present in our cells). Vitamin B12 must be supplied by the diet or supplementation because the body is not able to produce it independently. It is naturally found in animal proteins, such as red meat, fish, poultry, eggs, and dairy. Plant foods have no vitamin B12 unless they are fortified.

Low levels of vitamin B12 may occur if you do not consume enough vitamin B12 or the body does not store or absorb enough of the vitamin. People who are deficient in vitamin B12 may or may not have any symptoms of anemia (a condition in which your body does not have enough healthy red cells to carry oxygen to your body's tissues) or nerve damage. Early detection is important to prevent irreversible damage over time, especially to the nervous system.

Folate, also known as vitamin B9, is necessary for red and white blood cell development; tissue growth; cell function; the breakdown, usage, and creation of proteins; and the production of DNA. This vitamin is essential during pregnancy to help prevent birth defects and congenital disabilities of the brain (anencephaly) and spine (spina bifida). Folate enables the proper growth of fetal tissues and cells. Folate must be supplied by the diet or through supplementation because the body is not able to produce it independently. Folate is naturally found in beans and peas, citrus fruits, leafy green vegetables, and yeast. Folic acid is the manufactured (synthetic) version of folate, which is found in supplements and fortified foods.

Low levels of folate may occur if people do not consume enough folate or the body does not store or absorb enough of the vitamin. People who are deficient in folate may not have any symptoms or may present with symptoms of anemia (a condition in which your body does not have enough healthy red cells to carry oxygen to your body’s tissues) or nerve damage. Early detection is important to prevent irreversible damage over time, especially to the nervous system.